Introduction
Geographic Information System (GIS ) is one of the geospatial technologies that are
enthralling the globe with their scientific stewardship and shrewdness. GIS is
a deluxe technology that succors geo-mapping, environmental modeling, temporal
update of the globe, achieving geographic scenarios insights, spatial data
exploration, environmental data formulation, and cost analysis of the projects.
GIS is suitable for every field that comes under the domain of environmental
engineering. GIS gathers and saves the required environmental information which
can be used to reveal selected angle of a particular situation to solve a given
problem. Applications of GIS are discussed according to the location of
environmental issues i.e. environmental issues that are related to air, water,
and land.
Air
The filthiness of the
atmosphere can be sensed by every being living on the planet’s face. Whether it
is the urbanization, the industrialization, the cottage industry advancement,
or the traffic increment, it is adding more and more to the air pollution. All
of it is upsetting wildlife, human life, and well being and aesthetics of the environment.
GIS can be used to map the air pollution, to model the spatial configuration of
the pollution, and to assess extent of the air pollution temporally.
Water
The same factors that impact unfavorably health of the air are also
offensive to the fresh water ways and water bodies. GIS can be nimbly used to inspect
landscape characteristics data to evaluate water quality, collect data for
assisting remediation of pollution, manage water treatment procedures, oversee
natural and anthropogenic processes that disturb water catchments, make a
practicable land use management plan, store spatial and temporal data of
water resources, and map environmental phenomenon with in water bodies.
Wastewater treatment can be
efficiently done using GIS when it is used to calculate treatment costs, decide amongst the treatment alternatives, model wastewater transport data, improve the pumping of wastewater, and map successive treatment
processes.
Land
One of the utmost sources of
environmental degradation on land is solid waste. Be it municipal, industrial
or hazardous, it is totally messy. It pollutes the land, the water ways, and
the atmosphere. GIS can be used to plan and map solid waste collection, segregation,
transportation, and dumping system. GIS can also be used to estimate distances
to landfill, map landfill location and land slope, plan optimal routes
from source to disposal, and recommend a suitable disposal site.
Conclusion
If and when the field of environmental
engineering is equipped with GIS, it can sense the aptitude of GIS while making
life refining environmental decisions. GIS is unequivocally an expedient and
technical tool for environmental studies, applications, and research. Not only
students and institutes can get benefit of this technology but also
environmental decision makers, managers, developers, and even lay person can be
benefited from it. GIS is expected to demonstrate more of its abilities in future
there by saving money, labor, and time of its users. GIS when incorporated into
environmental engineering research and projects can illustrate its technical
benefits. Environmental engineering can then be understood, solved, and displayed
in an enhanced style.
References
Aspinall R, Pearson D. J Environ Manage. 2000; 59: 299–319p.
Crooks AT, Castle CJE. In Heppenstall AJ, Crooks AT, See LM, et al. (Eds). Agent–Based Models of Geographical Systems. Netherlands: Springer; 2012; 219–51p.
Goodchild MF, et al. Environmental Modeling with GIS. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
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